VisualizationManager.ipynb

In [1]:
from xv.chemistry.visualizer import VisualizationManager
In [2]:
ke = VisualizationManager()
ke
Out[2]:
2057209132368@VisualizationManager

Chemical Structure of molecules


Minimum Grade: 8
Maximum Grade: 12


Examples
--------
ke = VisualizationManager()
ke

ke.printProblemTypes()

ke.getRandomProblem()
ke.getRandomProblem(problem_type = 0)
...

ke.printProblem()
ke.printAnswer()
ke.printSolution()


doc_style: xv_doc

In [3]:
ke.printProblemTypes()
0. _problem_search_visualization
1. _problem_spd_orbitals
2. _problem_simple_molecular_orbitals
3. _problem_pi_molecular_orbitals
4. _problem_SN2_reactions
5. _problem_simple_molecules
6. _problem_crystals
7. _problem_structure_and_bonding
8. _problem_visualize_structure_with_an_element
9. _problem_visualize_acids
10. _problem_organic_reactions
11. _problem_polymers
In [4]:
from IPython.display import HTML
n = len(ke._problemTemplates)
max_loop = 1
for j in range(0, max_loop):
    for i in range(n):
        problem_type = i
        display(HTML(f"<h2>problem_type: {problem_type}/{n-1} (loop {j}/{max_loop-1})</h2>"))
        ke.getRandomProblem(problem_type = problem_type, verbose = True)
        display(ke.printProblem())

        display(HTML(f"<h6>Solution:</h6>"))
        display(ke.printSolution())
        pass

problem_type: 0/11 (loop 0/0)

Problem Template: _problem_search_visualization
Search term is missing, supply search = 'SOME_SEARCH_TERM'
Solution:
None

problem_type: 1/11 (loop 0/0)

Problem Template: _problem_spd_orbitals
Draw the following orbital structures:
  • s orbitals
  • p orbitals
  • d orbitals
  • Shapes of the 4f orbitals in 3D
  • shape and relative size of 1s, 2s and 2p orbitals
Solution:

problem_type: 2/11 (loop 0/0)

Problem Template: _problem_simple_molecular_orbitals
Draw molecular orbitals of:
  • Molecular orbitals in Carbon Monoxide
  • Molecular orbitals in Fluorine
  • Molecular orbitals in Hydrogen
  • Molecular orbitals in Hydrogen Fluoride
  • Molecular orbitals in Nitrogen
Solution:

problem_type: 3/11 (loop 0/0)

Problem Template: _problem_pi_molecular_orbitals
Draw pi molecular orbitals of:
  • Aromaticity - pi Molecular Orbitals of Benzene
  • Aromaticity and pi Molecular Orbitals - Frost circles
  • pi Molecular Orbitals of Acrolein
  • pi Molecular Orbitals of Conjugated Butadiene
  • pi Molecular Orbitals of the Allyl Anion
Solution:

problem_type: 4/11 (loop 0/0)

Problem Template: _problem_SN2_reactions
Give examples of SN2 reactions.
Solution:

problem_type: 5/11 (loop 0/0)

Problem Template: _problem_simple_molecules
Draw visualization of the following common molecules:
  • H2 - Hydrogen
  • Water - H2O
  • H2S - Hydrogen sulfide
  • H3
  • HCl - Hydrogen chloride
  • HCN - Hydrogen cyanide
  • HF - Hydrogen fluoride
  • HFO - Hypofluorous acid
  • HFx
  • O2H
  • B12
  • Boron trifluoride-BF3
  • BH2
  • BX3
  • (CN)2 - Cyanogen
  • [CN]- - Cyanide anion
  • C2 - Acetylene
  • C60 - Buckminsterfullerene
  • C70
  • CF4 - Tetrafluoromethane
  • Methane - CH4
  • CI4 - Carbon tetraiodide
  • CO - Carbon Monoxide
  • Carbon Dioxide-CO2
  • Carbonyl sulfide - OCS
  • [N3]- - Azide
  • [NO]+
  • N2 - Nitrogen gas
  • N2O- Nitrous oxide
  • NF3 - Nitrogen trifluoride
  • NFO
  • [NH2]-
  • Ammonia - NH3
  • NI3 - Nitrogen triiodide
  • NNO
  • NO - nitrogen monoxide, Nitric oxide
  • [NO2]- - Nitrite
  • [O2]-
  • [O2]+
  • NOBr
  • [O2]-
  • O3 - ozone
  • OF2 - Oxygen difluoride
  • SO2
  • Sulfur trioxide- SO3
  • [F2]+
  • IF - iodine fluoride
  • IF3 - Iodine trifluoride
  • IF5 - Iodine pentafluoride
  • IF7
  • Phosphorus trifluoride - PF3
  • PF5 - Phosphorus pentafluoride
  • SF3 - sulfur trifluoride
  • Sulfur tetrafluoride - SF4
  • SF6 - Sulfur hexafluoride
  • Al - Aluminium Polymer
  • M9P
  • P2
  • P4
  • PH2
  • PH3 - Phosphine
  • [S8]2+
  • S8
  • ClF - Chlorine monofluoride
  • ICl - Iodine monochloride
  • Ca - Calcium Polymer
  • FeO
  • CuA
  • Nucleophilic Substitution at Saturated Carbon: SN2 Reactions
Solution:

problem_type: 6/11 (loop 0/0)

Problem Template: _problem_crystals
Draw the following crystal structures:
  • Ice - water in the solid state
  • carbon crystals for Diamond, Graphite, C60, Carbon Nanotube, Pentacene
  • $I_2$ - Iodine
  • Mg - Magnesium Polymer
  • NaCl - Rocksalt, Halite, Sodium chloride
Solution:

problem_type: 7/11 (loop 0/0)

Problem Template: _problem_structure_and_bonding
Draw the following structure and bonding:
  • Shape of 3p-orbitals in 3D
  • [FeCl3Br3]3- (fac) C3v
  • [FeCl3Br3]3- (mer) C2v
  • [FeCl4Br2]3- (cis) C2v
  • [FeCl4Br2]3- (trans) D4h
  • 1-Bromo-2-chloroethene Cs
  • 1,2-Dichloro-1,2-difluoroethane C2H2F2Cl2 Ci
  • 1,2-Dichlorobenzene - C2v
  • 1,3-Dichlorobenzene - C2v
  • 1,4-Dichlorobenzene D2h
  • Ammonia C3V
  • Analysis of Atomic Displacements in Water
  • Aniline Yellow
  • Anomeric Effect for different substituents
  • Aromaticity - pi Molecular Orbitals of Benzene
  • Aromaticity and pi Molecular Orbitals - Frost circles
  • Atomic Orbitals - shape and relative size of 1s, 2s and 2p orbitals
  • Au25(SEt)18, a Nearly Naked Thiolate-Protected Au25 Cluster
  • Azo-dye Synthesis
  • Benzene chromium tricarbonyl - C3v
  • Benzene D6h
  • Bonding orbitals in Acetylene (Ethyne) sp
  • Bonding orbitals in Allene
  • Bonding orbitals in Ammonia - sp3 hybrids
  • Bonding orbitals in Benzene
  • Bonding orbitals in Ethylene (Ethene) sp2
  • Bonding orbitals in Formaldehyde
  • Bonding orbitals in Methane - sp3 hybrids
  • Boric Acid C3h
  • Boron Trifluoride (BF3) - D3h
  • Cnh | Cnv | S2n | Cn Point groups
  • Cs | Ci | C1 Pointgroups
  • CHFClBr C1
  • cis-[PtCl2(NH3)2] Cisplatin C2v
  • Conjugated Structures Cyclooctatetraene, Dication and Dianion
  • Conjugated Structures - Cyclophanes and Annulenes
  • Cyclohexane (boat) C2v
  • Cyclohexane (chair) - D3d
  • Cyclooctatetraene D2d
  • Dnh | Dnd | Dn Pointgroups
  • Diborane (B2H6) - D2h
  • Dipoles and Electrostatic Surfaces XeF4, ClF3 and CCl3Br
  • Disperse Orange 1
  • Eclipsed Ferrocene D5h
  • Electron Circulation in a Magnetic Field
  • Electrostatic surfaces-Hydration of Carbonyl Compounds
  • Electrostatic surfaces-Lone Pair Conjugation
  • Electrostatic surfaces-polar
  • Electrostatic surfaces-Unsaturated Molecules
  • Ethane Eclipsed D3h
  • Ethene - D2h
  • Fluorination of Medicinal Compounds
  • Fluorination of Medicinal Compounds - Amide Mimetic
  • Fluorination of Medicinal Compounds - Conformation Effect
  • Fluorination of Medicinal Compounds - The Halex Reaction
  • Fluorination of Medicinal Compounds - Uracil and 5-Fluorouracil
  • Folding Process of Myoglobin - Protein Folding Kinetics
  • Framework Model of Protein Folding
  • Hairpin Folding from Chain
  • Hydrazine (N2H4) C2
  • Hydrogen Peroxide C2
  • Improper Rotation - Allene S4
  • Interaction of Bromine Br2 and C=O on Propanone
  • Interactions between Allyl Molecular Orbitals and Metal d Orbitals
  • Interactions between Benzene Molecular Orbitals and Metal d Orbitals
  • Interactions between Butadiene Molecular Orbitals and Metal d Orbitals
  • Interactions between Carbene Molecular Orbitals and Metal d Orbitals
  • Interactions between Carbon Monoxide Molecular Orbitals and Metal d Orbitals
  • Interactions between Cyclobutadiene Molecular Orbitals and Metal d Orbitals
  • Interactions between Cyclopentadienyl Molecular Orbitals and Metal d Orbitals
  • Interactions between Dihydrogen Molecular Orbitals and Metal d Orbitals
  • Interactions between Ethylene Molecular Orbitals and Metal d Orbitals
  • Interactions between Phosphine Molecular Orbitals and Metal d Orbitals
  • Introduction to Gold Nanoparticles (GNPs)
  • Introductory Structures Linoleic acid X-Ray Structure
  • Introductory Structures Methoxatin
  • Introductory Structures Methylamine InfraRed
  • Introductory Structures Selected Amino Acids
  • Introductory Structures Sucrose
  • Introductory Structures Allotropes of Carbon (Diamond and Graphite) and Pentacene
  • Inversion - Benzene
  • Janus Green B
  • Metal d orbitals in a tetrahedral crystal field
  • Metal d orbitals in an octahedral crystal field
  • Methane Td
  • Mn2F6 - D2h
  • Molecular orbitals in Carbon Monoxide
  • Molecular orbitals in Fluorine
  • Molecular orbitals in Hydrogen
  • Molecular orbitals in Hydrogen Fluoride
  • Molecular orbitals in Nitrogen
  • Molecules with a Plane of Symmetry
  • NHF2 Cs
  • Nickel tetracarbonyl - Ni(CO)4 - D4h
  • Octahedral Sulfur Hexafluoride - SF6 - Oh
  • Oil Red O
  • Operations rotations
  • Orbital-orbital Interactions and Symmetry Adapted Linear Combinations
  • Os(CO)4Cl2 - C2v
  • p-mercaptobenzoic acid (p-MBA)-protected Au102 nanoparticle
  • PCl5 D3h
  • Phosphorous Oxychloride C3v
  • Possible morphologies of Au Nanoparticles
  • Possible morphologies of Au Nanoparticles - Cube
  • Possible morphologies of Au Nanoparticles - Cubo-truncated rhombic dodecahedron
  • Possible morphologies of Au Nanoparticles - Cuboctahedron
  • Possible morphologies of Au Nanoparticles - d-trigon
  • Possible morphologies of Au Nanoparticles - Decahedron
  • Possible morphologies of Au Nanoparticles - Icosahedron
  • Possible morphologies of Au Nanoparticles - Octahedron
  • Possible morphologies of Au Nanoparticles - Octo-truncated rhombic dodecahedron
  • Possible morphologies of Au Nanoparticles - Rhombic dodecahedron
  • Possible morphologies of Au Nanoparticles - Truncated cube
  • Possible morphologies of Au Nanoparticles - Truncated octahedron
  • Possible morphologies of Au Nanoparticles - Twinned truncated octahedron
  • PVP encapsulated Au nanoparticles
  • Rotational Spectroscopy Examples
  • Rotational Spectroscopy Introduction
  • Rotations of d Orbitals
  • Ruthenium triethylenediamine - Ru(en)32+ - D3
  • SALC - Octahedral Complex
  • SALC Ammonia - Atomic Orbitals
  • SALC Ammonia - Molecular Orbitals
  • SALC Analysis of NO2
  • SALC d-d Orbital Overlap
  • SALC s-p Orbital Overlap
  • Selected Polycyclic Structures
  • SF4 C2v
  • Shape of p-orbitals in 3D
  • Shape of s-orbitals in 3D
  • Shapes of the 3d orbitals in 3D
  • Shapes of the 4f orbitals in 3D
  • Spectroscopy Introduction
  • Spectroscopy Orbitals
  • Spectroscopy Translations
  • Spiroketal Formation - Stereoelectronic Effects
  • Staggered Ethane - D3d
  • Staggered Ferrocene D5d
  • Stereoelectronic Effects The Anomeric Effect in Spiroketals
  • Stereoelectronic Effects The Anomeric Effect -Cl
  • Stereoelectronic Effects The Anomeric Effect Methoxy -OMe
  • Stretching modes of trans-[PdCl2(NH3)2
  • Stretching modes of cis-[PdCl2(NH3)2]
  • Stretching modes of SF6
  • Symbols, Terminology and Constants in Science and Mathematics
  • Symmetry Elements Mirror Planes
  • Symmetry Flowchart
  • Symmetry Operations
  • Td | Oh | Ih Point groups
  • The Colour of Dyes
  • trans-[PtCl2(NH3)2] Transplatin D2h
  • trans-1,2-dichloroethylene C2h
  • Trichloromethane - C3v
  • Triphenylphosphine C3
  • Twisted Ferrocene D5
  • Ultraviolet/Visible UV/Vis Spectroscopy
  • UV absorption in Ethylene (Ethene) and Butadiene
  • UV absorption in Linear Polyenes
  • Vibrational spectroscopy - Introduction
  • Vibrational Spectroscopy Carbon Dioxide
  • Vibrational Spectroscopy Hydrogen Chloride
  • Vibrational Spectroscopy Water
  • Vibrations of Ammonia
  • Vibrations of Benzene
  • Vibrations of Boron Trifluoride
  • Vibrations of Carbon Dioxide
  • Vibrations of Ethylene (Ethene)
  • Vibrations of Hydrogen Cyanide
  • Vibrations of Iron Pentacarbonyl
  • Vibrations of Methane
  • Vibrations of Nickel Tetracarbonyl
  • Vibrations of Phophorus Pentafluoride
  • Vibrations of Water
  • Water C2v
  • Xenon tetrafluoride (XeF4) - D4h
  • pi Molecular Orbitals of Acrolein
  • pi Molecular Orbitals of Conjugated Butadiene
  • pi Molecular Orbitals of the Allyl Anion
Solution:

problem_type: 8/11 (loop 0/0)

Problem Template: _problem_visualize_structure_with_an_element
Draw visualization for compounds and ions of element Cl:
  • HOCl-SO3-
  • (PNCl2)3
  • (PNCl2)3 - Hexachlorophosphazene
  • [B4Cl4] - Point Group Td
  • [ClF2]+ - Chlorine difluoride
  • [ClF6]- - Chlorine Hexafluoride anion
  • [ClF6]+ - Chlorine Hexafluoride cation
  • [ClO]- Chlorine monoxide
  • [ClO2]- - Chlorine dioxide anion
  • [ClO3]- - Chlorate
  • [ClO4]- - Perchlorate
  • [ClSO3]-
  • [HCl2]-
  • [PCl6]- - Phosphorus hexachloride
  • AlCl3 - Aluminium chloride Polymer
  • Cl(OH)4
  • Cl2 - Chlorine Polymer
  • Cl2BNPr2
  • Cl2O - Dichlorine monoxide
  • Cl2O6(g) - Dichlorine hexoxide
  • Cl2O6(s) - Dichlorine hexoxide
  • Cl2O7 - Dichlorine heptoxide
  • Cl5PtClPtCl5
  • ClF - Chlorine monofluoride
  • ClF2SbF6
  • ClF3
  • ClF5 - Chlorine pentafluoride
  • [ClO2]- - Chlorine dioxide anion
  • ClO4Mo(OH2)5
  • ClOH - Hypochlorous acid
  • HCl - Hydrogen chloride
  • HClO2 - Chlorous acid
  • HClO3 - Chloric acid
  • ICl - Iodine monochloride
  • InCl - Indium chloride
  • InCl - indium chloride
  • InCl2 - Indium dichloride (A)
  • KCl - Potassium chloride Polymer
  • LiCl - Lithium chloride
  • NaCl
  • NCl3 - Nitrogen trichloride
  • Phosphorus pentachloride - PCl5
  • POCl3 - Phosphoryl chloride
  • S2Cl2 - Disulfur dichloride
  • SCl2 - Sulfur Dichloride
Solution:

problem_type: 9/11 (loop 0/0)

Problem Template: _problem_visualize_acids
Draw the following acid structures:
  • H2S2O8 Peroxydisulfuric acid
  • H2SeO4 - Selenic acid
  • Sulfuric acid- H2SO4
  • Phosphorous acid -H3PO3
  • H3PO4 - Phosphoric acid
  • H5IO6 - Periodic acid
  • HClO2 - Chlorous acid
  • HClO3 - Chloric acid
  • HFO - Hypofluorous acid
  • HIO4 - Periodic acid
  • HNO2 - Nitrous acid
  • HNO3 - Nitric acid
  • B(OH)3 - Boric acid
  • H2CO3 -Carbonic acid
  • [P3O10]5- - Triphosphoric acid (V)
  • Si(OH)4 - Silicic acid
  • ClOH - Hypochlorous acid
  • [CrEDTA]- - Chromium Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
  • Boric Acid C3h
  • Introductory Structures Linoleic acid X-Ray Structure
  • Introductory Structures Selected Amino Acids
  • p-mercaptobenzoic acid (p-MBA)-protected Au102 nanoparticle
  • Acid phosphatase
  • Acid chloride formation - Phosphorus Pentachloride
  • Acid Chloride Formation - Thionyl Chloride
  • Acid-Catalysed Bromination of Ketones
  • Acid-catalysed ester hydrolysis and transesterification
  • Asymmetric Hydrophosphonylation of imine with chiral Br?nsted acid-phosphate catalyst
  • Benzyne formation - Diazotization-decarboxylation of Anthranilic acid (2-aminobenzoic acid)
  • Carbenes - Methylation of carboxylic acid using diazomethane
  • Double bond geometry - Stereospecific Peterson reaction (Acid elimination - Diastereoisomer 1)
  • Double bond geometry - Stereospecific Peterson reaction (Acid elimination - Diastereoisomer 2)
  • Enamine Acylation - Reaction With An Acid Chloride
  • Endiadric Acid A - Cycloaddition reactions in Nature
  • Endiandric Acid Cascade
  • Endiandric Acid D - Electrocyclic Reactions in Nature
  • Endiandric Acid E - Electrocyclic Reactions in Nature
  • Endiandric Acid Precursor - Electrocyclic Reactions in Nature
  • Molecules with a Plane of Symmetry - Feist's Acid
  • Rearrangements - Benzilic Acid
  • Sch?llkopf Bis-lactim Amino Acid Synthesis
  • Tartaric acid - Newman projections
Solution:

problem_type: 10/11 (loop 0/0)

Problem Template: _problem_organic_reactions
Draw the following organic structures:
  • [1,5]-H sigmatropic shift
  • [2,3]-Sigmatropic rearrangements
  • [2+2] Ketene Cycloaddition
  • [4+3] Oxyallyl Cycloaddition
  • [4+6] Thermal Cycloaddition
  • 1,2,3-Triazole formation by cycloaddition
  • 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition Formation of a Simple Isoxazole
  • 1,3-Dipolar cycloadditions - nitrone/alkene
  • 2-Hydroxypyridine-Tautomerism
  • 4-Hydroxypyridine-Tautomerism
  • 8-Phenylmenthol auxiliary-controlled Diels-Alder reaction
  • A simple SN2 reaction
  • Acetal formation
  • Achiral compounds with more than one stereogenic centre - Meso
  • Acid chloride formation - Phosphorus Pentachloride
  • Acid Chloride Formation - Thionyl Chloride
  • Acid-Catalysed Bromination of Ketones
  • Acid-catalysed ester hydrolysis and transesterification
  • Acylation at carbon Claisen ester condensation
  • Addition to Aromatic Rings Facilitated by Two Nitro Groups
  • Addition-Elimination Substitution on Aromatic Chloride Facilitated by a para-nitro group
  • Aldol Reaction - Enolisation and formation of anti product
  • Aldol Reaction - Enolisation and formation of syn product
  • Aldol Reaction - Simple Diastereoselectivity Cis gives Syn
  • Aldol Reaction - Simple Diastereoselectivity Trans give Anti
  • Aldol reaction of cyclopentanone
  • Aldol reaction of cyclopentanone (Step 1)
  • Aldol reaction of cyclopentanone (Step 2)
  • Aldol reaction of cyclopentanone (Step 3)
  • Allylic Bromination of Cyclohexene
  • Allylic Bromination of Isobutene
  • Allylic Oxidation with Selenium Dioxide
  • Allylic Strain Epoxidation of E-Allyl Silanes
  • Allylic Strain Epoxidation of Z-Allyl Silanes
  • Amide formation
  • Aromatic Heterocycles Overview
  • Aromatic Substitution via Benzyne Intermediate
  • Asymmetic Alkylation of SAMP Hydrazone
  • Asymmetric Carbonyl Ene Reaction - Controlled by Chiral Phosphoramide
  • Asymmetric Hydrophosphonylation of imine with chiral Br?nsted acid-phosphate catalyst
  • Asymmetric intermolecular aldol catalysed by proline
  • Asymmetric intermolecular aldol catalysed by proline - Hydroxyacetone enamine and aldehyde
  • Asymmetric Methylation of Carbonyl with Dimethyl Zinc
  • Asymmetric reduction of carbonyl with CBS reagent
  • Asymmetric Sulfoxidation
  • Asymmetric Sulfoxidation Detail
  • Azo-dye Synthesis
  • Baldwin's Rules Classes of cyclization
  • Bamford-Stevens reaction
  • Bamford-Stevens reaction Step 1
  • Bamford-Stevens reaction - decomposition of diazo intermediate
  • Base catalysed enolate formation (Enolization)
  • Base-Catalysed Bromination of Ketones - Summary
  • Base-catalysed enolization
  • Baylis-Hillman Reaction
  • Benzyne formation - Diazotization-decarboxylation of Anthranilic acid (2-aminobenzoic acid)
  • Beta-Keto Sulfoxide reduction chelation
  • Beta-Keto Sulfoxide reduction-intramolecular delivery
  • Beta-Keto Sulfoxide reduction-stereodivergent
  • Brief history of ChemTube3D
  • Bromine and pent-2-ene
  • Butane Newman Projections
  • Carbenes - Formation
  • Carbenes - Formation (from diazocarbonyl compounds)
  • Carbenes - Formation (Thermal decomposition via hydrazone)
  • Carbenes - Formation (via alpha elimination)
  • Carbenes - Methylation of carboxylic acid using diazomethane
  • Carbenes - Photolysis of diazomethane to produce a carbene
  • Carbenes - Reactions
  • Carbenes (Alkene insertion - Singlet carbene)
  • Chiral BINAP Without Stereogenic Centres
  • Chiral Cyanohydrins - Configuration
  • Chiral molecules R or S
  • Chiral molecules II R or S
  • Chiral molecules III R or S
  • Cis-Decalin conformations
  • Claisen rearrangement - Sigmatropic rearrangement
  • Claisen rearrangement on an aromatic system - [3,3]-Sigmatropic rearrangement
  • Classes of cyclization (3-exo-tet)
  • Classes of cyclization (5-exo-trig)
  • Classes of cyclization (6-endo-dig)
  • Conformation vs Configuration
  • Conformational Analysis - Pea Moth Pheromone
  • Conformations of Butane
  • Conformations of Butane - energetics
  • Conformations of cyclohexane
  • Conformations of ethane - Newman projection
  • Conjugate Addition of Diethylamine to an Unsaturated Ester
  • Conjugate Addition of Diethylamine to an Unsaturated Nitrile (Acrylonitrile)
  • Conjugate Addition of Enamine to Unsaturated Imine
  • Conjugate addition of enolates
  • Conjugate addition of enolates - Overview
  • Conjugate Addition of MeSH to an Unsaturated Aldehyde
  • Conjugate addition of peroxide to form epoxides (E-enone)
  • Conjugate addition of peroxide to form epoxides (Z-enone)
  • Conjugate Addition Reactions
  • Cyanohydrin formation
  • Cyanohydrin formation (Stereochemistry)
  • Cyclic acetal formation
  • Diastereoisomers are stereoisomers that are not enantiomers
  • Diastereoselective Ketone Reduction Chelation zinc borohydride
  • Diastereoselective ketone reduction Felkin-Anh Transition State
  • Diastereoselectivity Chelate Cram Addition
  • Diels-Alder - Stereochemistry of the dienophile
  • Diels-Alder reaction - endo vs exo
  • Diels-Alder - 2,3-Dimethylbutadiene and Acrolein(propenal)
  • Diels-Alder - Endo and Exo adducts
  • Diels-Alder - endo rule - acyclic examples
  • Diels-Alder - endo vs exo Methyl vinyl ketone
  • Diels-Alder - Quinone as Dienophile - Steroid Framework
  • Diels-Alder - s-cis conformation
  • Diels-Alder - Stereochemistry of the diene Summary
  • Diels-Alder - Stereochemistry of the dienophile
  • Diels-Alder - Stereochemistry of the E,E-diene (trans-trans)
  • Diels-Alder - Stereochemistry of the Z,E-diene (cis-trans)
  • Diels-Alder - Stereochemistry of the Z,Z-diene (cis-cis)
  • Diels-Alder orbital explanation for the endo rule
  • Diels-Alder reaction - Working out which product is endo
  • Diels-Alder reaction Introduction - Identifying a Diels-Alder Reaction
  • Diels-Alder reaction Overview
  • Diels-Alder: E,E (trans, trans) diene - Stereochemistry of a phenyl diene
  • Diels-Alder: E,Z (trans, cis) Diene - Stereochemistry Of The Diene
  • Diels-Alder: Z,Z (cis,cis) diene - Stereochemistry of the diene
  • Dimedone synthesis
  • Direct conjugate addition with enols
  • Double bond geometry - Conjugate addition of peroxide to form epoxides
  • Double bond geometry - Stereospecific Peterson reaction
  • Double bond geometry - Stereospecific Peterson reaction (Acid elimination - Diastereoisomer 1)
  • Double bond geometry - Stereospecific Peterson reaction (Acid elimination - Diastereoisomer 2)
  • Double bond geometry - Stereospecific Peterson reaction (Base elimination - Diastereoisomer 1)
  • Double bond geometry - The Peterson reaction
  • E-Selective Wittig Reaction
  • Electrocyclic - Conrotatory ring closure/opening
  • Electrocyclic - Disrotatory ring closure/opening
  • Electrocyclic reactions are stereospecific
  • Electrophilic addition to alkenes - Symmetrical and Unsymmetrical (A)
  • Electrophilic addition to alkenes - Unsymmetrical alkenes + HBr
  • Electrophilic addition to alkenes can produce stereoisomers
  • Electrophilic addition to alkenes is stereospecific
  • Electrophilic addition to butadiene
  • Electrophilic aromatic substitution - Friedel-Crafts acylation
  • Electrophilic aromatic substitution - Friedel-Crafts alkylation
  • Electrophilic aromatic substitution - Nitration of benzene
  • Electrophilic aromatic substitution - Sulfonation of benzene
  • Elimination - E1
  • Elimination - E1cB
  • Elimination - E2 Regioselective Elimination from Menthyl Chlorides to Menthenes A
  • Elimination - E2 stereoselective for E alkenes
  • Elimination - E2 Stereospecific from diastereoisomers
  • Elimination - E2 to form cyclohexadiene
  • Elimination - E2 Regioselective Elimination from Menthyl Chlorides to Menthenes B
  • Enamine Acylation - Reaction With An Acid Chloride
  • Enamine formation
  • Enantiomeric auxillary-controlled enantioselective syn Aldol reaction
  • Enantioselective Addition Organolithium Step 2
  • Enantioselective Addition Organolithium Step 1
  • Enantioselective Addition Organolithium-Sparteine
  • Enantioselective Conjugate Addition - Oppolzer's sultam auxiliary
  • Enantioselective Cyclopropanation - Asymmetric Simmons-Smith reaction
  • Enantioselective Enolate Alkylation - Evans - Benzylation of chiral enolates
  • Enantioselective Enolate Alkylation - Evans - Methylation of chiral enolates
  • Enantioselective hydroboration of cyclopentadiene Ipc-borane
  • Enantioselective Hydrogenation of Ketones - Ru(II) mechanism
  • Enantioselective Hydrogenation of Ketones Ruthenium complexes- Noyori
  • Enantioselective intermolecular aldol dimerisation catalysed by proline
  • Enantioselective Intramolecular Aldol promoted by Proline
  • Enantioselective Ketone Reduction Chiral Reagent - Alpine Borane
  • Enantioselective Organocatalytic Friedel-Crafts Alkylation
  • Enantioselective Reduction of Ketones with BINAL-H
  • Endiadric Acid A - Cycloaddition reactions in Nature
  • Endiandric Acid Cascade
  • Endiandric Acid D - Electrocyclic Reactions in Nature
  • Endiandric Acid E - Electrocyclic Reactions in Nature
  • Endiandric Acid Precursor - Electrocyclic Reactions in Nature
  • Endo-trig reactions
  • Endo-trig reactions (5-endo-trig orbital overlap)
  • Endo-trig reactions (5-endo-trig)
  • Endo-trig reactions (6-endo-trig)
  • Enolate direct attack on the carbonyl group
  • Enolate reaction with bromine - bromination of ketone
  • Epoxidation of alkenes to form epoxides
  • Epoxide Opening to Give Chair Conformation
  • Ethylene and Bromine
  • Evans auxilary-controlled enantioselective Diels-Alder reaction
  • Evans auxilary-controlled enantioselective syn Aldol reaction
  • Fischer indole synthesis - [3,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement
  • Fluorination of Medicinal Compounds - The Halex Reaction
  • Formation of bromoform
  • Formation of Diazonium Salt - Diazotization
  • Formation of Nitrosonium Ion
  • Fragmentation - Beckmann fragmentation
  • Fragmentation - Bond polarization (Carbonyl Sink)
  • Fragmentation - Bond polarization (Hydroxy Sink)
  • Fragmentation - Fragmentation of diastereoisomers (cis-decalin I)
  • Fragmentation - Fragmentation of diastereoisomers (cis-decalin II)
  • Fragmentation - Fragmentation of diastereoisomers (No ring fragmentation)
  • Fragmentation - Fragmentation of diastereoisomers (Trans-decalin I)
  • Fragmentation - Fragmentations are controlled by stereochemistry
  • Fragmentation - Fragmentations are controlled by stereochemistry (Cis isomer)
  • Fragmentation - Fragmentations are controlled by stereochemistry (Trans isomer - Less severe interactions)
  • Fragmentation - Fragmentations are controlled by stereochemistry (Trans isomer - Severe interactions)
  • Fragmentation - Fragmentations are controlled by stereochemistry (Trans isomer)
  • Fragmentation - Juvenile hormone synthesis
  • Fragmentation - Ring expansion
  • Fragmentation of diastereoisomers
  • Fragmentations - Bond polarization
  • Furan Hydrolysis
  • Glycol Oxidative Cleavage Lead Tetraacetate
  • Hantzsch pyridine synthesis Step 1: Knoevenagel Condensation between the ?-ketoester and aldehyde
  • Hantzsch pyridine synthesis Step 2: Formation of the ester enamine
  • Hantzsch pyridine synthesis Step 3: Formation of the dihydropyridine
  • Hantzsch pyridine synthesis - overview
  • Hemiacetal formation
  • How conjugation changes the reactivity of carbonyl groups
  • Hydrate Formation from Formaldehyde(Methanal)
  • Hydrazone formation
  • Hydroformylation The OXO reaction
  • Hydrogen Bromide Radical Addition to Isobutene
  • Hydrogen Bromide Radical Addition to Isobutene-Termination Steps
  • Imidazolidinone Catalysis: Asymmetric Alkylation of Indole
  • Imine formation
  • Indole - Mannich Reaction And Substitution By Elimination
  • Indole Alkylation - Intramolecular Friedel-Crafts
  • Industrial Synthesis of Citral
  • Intramolecular aldol reactions
  • Intramolecular aldol reactions (Eight-membered ring formation)
  • Intramolecular aldol reactions (Enols of nona-2,8-dione)
  • Intramolecular aldol reactions (Six-membered ring formation)
  • Intramolecular carbonyl ene reaction - Asymmetric synthesis
  • Intramolecular Diels-Alder - 1,3,9-decatrien-8-one
  • Intramolecular Diels-Alder - Regioselectivity reversal
  • Intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction (E)-3-Methyldeca-1,3,9-triene
  • Intramolecular nucleophilic substitution on an enamine intermediate
  • Intramolecular Radical Cyclisation Reaction
  • Introduction to Animated Molecular Orbitals
  • Introduction to Pericyclic Reactions
  • Iodoheptene Radical Cyclisation Endo
  • Iodoheptene Radical Cyclisation Exo
  • Iodohexene Radical Cyclisation Endo
  • Iodohexene Radical Cyclisation Exo
  • Ireland-Claisen rearrangement [3,3] Sigmatropic
  • Jones Oxidation: Alcohol to Carbonyl
  • Julia Olefination
  • Knoevenagel condensation
  • Knorr Pyrrole Synthesis
  • Lithium enolates in aldol reactions
  • Loss of the carbanion - Base
  • Mannich reaction
  • Mannich reaction (Addition of imine salt to ketone)
  • Mannich reaction (Enone formation)
  • Mannich reaction (Imine formation)
  • Meyers Asymmetric Alkylation - Asymmetric Synthesis
  • Mitsunobu Reaction Overview
  • Mitsunobu Reaction Stage 1
  • Mitsunobu Reaction Stage 2
  • Mitsunobu Reaction Stage 3
  • Mitsunobu Reaction Stage 4
  • Molecules with a Plane of Symmetry - Feist's Acid
  • Nazarov Cyclization - Electrocyclisation of a dienyl cation
  • Neighbouring group participation: alpha-lactone formation
  • Nitrile Oxide Formation from Nitroalkanes
  • Nitrile Oxide Synthesis Via Oxime
  • Norcaradiene Ring Opening
  • Nucleophilic attack by hydride
  • Nucleophilic Conjugate Substitution - The SN2? Mechanism
  • Nucleophilic Substitution at Saturated Carbon: SN2 Reactions
  • Nucleophilic substitution via SN1 and SN2
  • Olefin Metathesis Synthesis of an Unsaturated Pyrrole
  • Olefin Metathesis Synthesis of an Unsaturated 12-membered Benzofused Ring
  • Organic Chemistry Animations Introduction
  • Organo-main-group chemistry (Boron) - Crotyl boranes react stereospecifically
  • Organo-main-group chemistry (Boron) - Crotyl boranes react stereospecifically (E-crotyl boronate)
  • Organo-main-group chemistry (Boron) - Crotyl boranes react stereospecifically (Z-crotyl boronate)
  • Organo-main-group chemistry (Boron) - Hydroboration
  • Organo-main-group chemistry (Boron) - Hydroboration (Addition of boron hydride to alkenes)
  • Organo-main-group chemistry (Boron) - Hydroboration (Oxidation)
  • Organocatalysis - Proline-Catalysed Aldol Reaction
  • Organometallics - Addition to a carbonyl group (Grignard reagent)
  • Organometallics - Addition to a carbonyl group (Organolithium reagent)
  • Organometallics - Addition to the carbonyl group
  • Organopalladium Chemistry - Butenolide Formation From Carbonylation Of A Vinyl Bromide
  • Organopalladium Chemistry - Palladium-catalysed nucleophilic allylic substitution of functionalised compounds
  • Organopalladium Chemistry - The Carbonylative Kosugi-Migita-Stille Coupling Reaction
  • Organopalladium Chemistry - The Kosugi-Migita-Stille Reaction
  • Organopalladium Chemistry - The Mizoroki-Heck Reaction
  • Organopalladium Chemistry - The Suzuki Reaction
  • Oxidation of dihydropyridine by DDQ
  • Oxime formation
  • Ozonolysis
  • Paal-Knorr Pyrrole Synthesis - Enamine Intermediate
  • Periodate Cleavage of 1,2-Diols
  • Pinacol Coupling
  • Pummerer rearrangement - Sulfur-stabilized cations
  • Pyridine - Nucleophilic Catalyst
  • Pyridine - Nucleophilic Substitution
  • Pyridine N-Oxide - Cleavage of N-oxide
  • Pyridine N-Oxide - Nucleophilic Substitution (Addition-Elimination)
  • Pyridine N-Oxide - Remote Oxidation And Rearrangement
  • Pyridine N-Oxide-structure
  • Pyridine-structure
  • Pyridine-Tautomerism of Hydroxy Pyridine
  • Pyrone Decarboxylation
  • Pyrrole decarboxylation
  • Pyrrole Formation Paal-Knorr pyrrole synthesis Hemiaminal intermediate
  • Pyrrole-Mannich-Electrophilic Substitution
  • Pyrrole-Mannich-Formation of an iminium Ion
  • Pyrrole-structure
  • Pyrrole-The Mannich Reaction Overview
  • Pyrrole-The Vilsmeier Reaction
  • Pyrrole-Vilsmeier-Formation of an iminium cation
  • Pyrrole-Vilsmeier-Hydrolysis of an Iminium Salt
  • Pyrrole-Vilsmeier-Nucleophilic Substitution
  • Radical Addition of an "R" Group to Acrylonitrile
  • Radical Copolymerization
  • Radical Cyclisations Summary
  • Radical Substitution of Br by H - Removing functional groups
  • Radicals Chlorination of alkanes
  • Re and Si Faces Isobutyraldehyde and examine
  • Re and Si faces Propanal and enamine
  • Reactions of carbenes (Alkene insertion - Singlet v Triplet)
  • Reactions of carbenes (Alkene insertion - Triplet carbene)
  • Reactions of carbenes (C-H bond insertion)
  • Reactions of carbenes (O-H bond insertion)
  • Rearrangements - Aziridinium opening -?Hydroxide nucleophile
  • Rearrangements - Aziridinium opening - water nucleophile
  • Rearrangements - Baeyer-Villiger
  • Rearrangements - Beckmann rearrangement
  • Rearrangements - Benzilic Acid
  • Rearrangements - Diastereoisomer 1
  • Rearrangements - Diastereoisomer 2
  • Rearrangements - Diastereoisomer 3
  • Rearrangements - Diastereoisomer 4
  • Rearrangements - Favorskii rearrangement
  • Rearrangements - Neighbouring Group Migration
  • Rearrangements - Payne rearrangement
  • Rearrangements - Pinacol
  • Rearrangements - Retention of stereochemistry can indicate neighbouring group participation
  • Rearrangements - Ring expansion means rearrangement
  • Rearrangements - Semipinacol rearrangements of diazonium salts
  • Rearrangements - The direction of rearrangement depends on the nucleophile
  • Rearrangements - Wagner-Meerwein rearrangement
  • Rearrangements - Which Group Migrates?
  • Regioselectivity in Diels-Alder reactions
  • Regioselectivity in Diels-Alder reactions
  • Regioselectivity in Diels-Alder reactions Reaction of 1,1-dimethylbutadiene and methyl acrylate
  • Regioselectivity in Diels-Alder reactions Reaction of 2-methoxybuta-1,3-diene and acrylonitrile
  • Retro-Ene reaction Decomposition of 1-pentene
  • Robinson annelation
  • Robinson annelation (Base-catalysed enolization)
  • Robinson annelation (Step 1 Conjugate addition)
  • Robinson annelation (Step 2: Intramolecular aldol reaction)
  • Robinson annelation (Step 3: E1cB dehydration)
  • SN2 Reaction: 2o Benzyl Chloride with HS -
  • SN2 Reaction: Allyl Chloride with HS -
  • SN2 Reaction: Benzyl Chloride with HS -
  • Sch?llkopf Bis-lactim Amino Acid Synthesis
  • Second Bromination Step - Base
  • Sharpless Asymmetric Epoxidation of Allylic Alcohols
  • Sigmatropic hydrogen shifts [1,7]H sigmatropic shift
  • Silicon alpha anion stabilisation
  • Spacefill view of Hydrophosphonylation reaction
  • Stability and structure of carbocations
  • Stereochemistry Achiral Diastereoisomers
  • Stereochemistry BINAP C2 Axis of Symmetry
  • Stereochemistry Chiral Allenes Without Stereogenic Centres
  • Stereochemistry Non-superimposable Spiro Amides
  • Stereochemistry Symmetry of Epoxide Diastereoisomers
  • Stereochemistry Chiral or achiral
  • Stereochemistry Diamides Showing a Centre of Symmetry
  • Stereochemistry Home Page
  • Stereochemistry of Cyanohydrins - Achiral cyanohydrins
  • Stereoselective Axial Alkylation of Cyclohexanone via Enamine
  • Stereoselective Cyclopropanation of an Alkene by a Carbenoid (CH2I2-Zn)
  • Stereoselective Reaction of Acylic Alkenes Enolate alkylation - Allylic strain
  • Stereoselective Wittig Reaction-Overview
  • Stereospecific Cheleotropic Reactions with Sulfur Dioxide
  • Structure and Conformation of Decalins
  • Substrate structure controls substitution mechanism SN1 or SN2
  • Sulfonium ylids form epoxides from ketones
  • Sulfoxide elimination-oxidation to enones
  • Sulfoxonium Ylids make Cyclopropanes
  • Swern Oxidation
  • Swern Oxidation Stage 1 Activation of DMSO
  • Swern Oxidation Stage 2 Substitution at chlorosulfonium ion
  • Swern Oxidation Stage 3 Elimination of Me2S
  • Syn-dihydroxylation of alkenes with osmium tetroxide
  • Synthesis of an intermediate for Crixivan by the Ritter reaction
  • Synthesis of Pyrazole
  • Synthesis of Pyridazine
  • Synthesis of Pyrimidine
  • Tartaric acid - Newman projections
  • Tetrazole formation by cycloaddition
  • The Woodward Hoffman description of the Diels-Alder reaction
  • Thiazole Formation - Selective Reactions
  • Thiazole Formation - Thioamides
  • Thiophene formation - Activation of Lawesson's reagent
  • Thiophene formation - Lawesson's reagent
  • Thiophene Formation - Thionation of a Ketone
  • Thiophene ring formation
  • Third Bromination Step - Base
  • Tiffeneau-Demjanov Rearrangement
  • Trapping reactive intermediates by cycloadditions
  • Trimethylenemethane Palladium Catalysed Cycloaddition - Overview
  • Trimethylenemethane Palladium Catalysed Cycloadditions Step 1
  • Trimethylenemethane Palladium Catalysed Cycloadditions Step 2
  • Unstabilised Phosphonium Ylid Formation Wittig Reaction
  • Unsymmetrical bromonium ions open regioselectively
  • Vinyl silanes offer a regio- and stereoselective route to alkenes
  • Vinyl silanes offer a regio- and stereoselective route to alkenes - E vinyl silane
  • Vinyl silanes offer a regio- and stereoselective route to alkenes - Z vinyl silane
  • Wittig reaction
  • Wittig reaction - Ylid reaction with ketone
  • Wittig reaction (Phosphonium Ylid formation)
  • Wolff-Kishner Reduction: Carbonyl to Alkane
  • Z-Selective Wittig Reaction
Solution:

problem_type: 11/11 (loop 0/0)

Problem Template: _problem_polymers
Draw the following polymer structures:
  • Bisphenol A (polycarbonate)
  • Kapton
  • Natural Rubber
  • Nylon 6,6
  • PAMAM Dendrimer (Polyamidoamines)
  • Poly(ether ketone)
  • Poly(ether sulfone) PES
  • Poly(methyl methacrylate) also known as acrylic, acrylic glass, or plexiglass
  • Poly(phenylene sulfone) PPSF or PPSU
  • Polydimethylsiloxane PDMS
  • Polyethylene Polythene (PE)
  • Polyethylene terephthalate Poly(ethylene terephthalate) PET
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Polyphenylene I
  • Polyphenylene II
  • Polyphenylene III
  • Polypyrrole
  • Polystyrene (PS)
  • Polythiophene Poly(3-butyl-thiophene-2,5-diyl) PT
  • Polyvinyl Chloride Poly(chloroethene) PVC
  • Radical Copolymerization
Solution:
In [ ]:
 

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